How long estrangement lasts depends widely from person to person and the level of pain and your ability to process the trauma.

Family estrangement has complex causes: unresolved conflict, toxic dynamics, differing values, trauma, and communication breakdowns.

7 Ways to recover from estrangement from acknowledging your feelings, setting boundaries, focusing on self-care, grieving, and forgiving.

Estrangement creates emotional and physical distance between loved ones including parents/children, siblings, spouses and friends.